A Roth IRA Conversion is when you move money from a traditional retirement account, like a Traditional IRA or a 401k, into a Roth IRA. This process changes the money from pre-tax to after-tax, which means you’ll pay income taxes on the amount you convert now, but the money can then grow tax-free and be withdrawn tax-free in retirement if certain rules are met. People often do a Roth conversion if they think their taxes are lower now than they will be in the future, or if they want to avoid required minimum withdrawals later in life.